Magnetic resonance imaging Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Magnetic resonance imaging - Assignment Example 2001). MRI is used to measure tissue perfusion through the use of different techniques such as arterial sin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrasting imaging (DSC-MRI). DSC is based on injected contrast agent use that changes the blood’s magnetic susceptibility, thus, producing a MR signal continually measured throughout the bolus passage (Petrella & Provenzale 2000). ASL, on the other hand, is whereby before the arterial blood enters into the tissue to be assessed, it is magnetically tagged, and consequently, the labelling amount is measured and compared to a blank recording achieved without spin labelling. Currently, MRI is a powerful tool in a clinical setting for evaluation of brain anatomy, which is achieved via a number of metabolic or functional assessments. MRI perfusion is a technique used to measure cerebral perfusion non-invasively via several hemodynamic measurements assessments including cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood, volume, and meant transit t ime. This technique plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment cerebrovascular disease patients, as well as patients with other brain disorders (Petrella & Provenzale 2000). ... Exogenous Tracers Exogenous is a model of MR perfusion, which assumes that the tracer does not diffuse into the outer cellular space because it is constrained in the intravascular compartment. In this model imaging can either be performed dynamically or in a steady state. Dynamic imaging utilizes transient fluctuations in local magnetic field of the tissues in the surrounding that are induced by paramagnetic tracer bolus passing through the capillary network of the organ. The local magnetic field changes can be measured as signal fluctuations on MR imaging. Accurate measurements are enabled by Ultrafast imaging methods such as spiral MR and echoplanar imaging, which measures differing signal changes that occur rapidly (Ostergaard, et al. 1996). Data from the signal-time course is then changed to relative tracer tissue data from the concentration-time course. This results in tracer concentration-time curve that can be evaluated to establish different parameters of hemodynamic tissues such as blood flow, transit time, tissue blood volume and bolus arrival time. The hemodynamic parameters mentioned above are influenced by features of the bolus injection such as the injection rate, contrast agent paramagnetic properties, the amount of injected contrast material among others. Furthermore, these parameters rely on variables inside the subject under imaging, which are cardiac output and vascular volume of total-body (Buxton, et al. 1996). Therefore, it is not possible to compare the parameters between varied subjects, and at different times they may even cause variation on examination of the same subject. Nevertheless, there is an internal standard of reference,

Family Bond Essay Example for Free

Family Bond Essay The family system is the most conspicuous bond in the social scheme of things. This bond ties people to each other with invisible strings of love and care, each one bonded to all others in his/her entirety. The family that consists of the elder’s brothers, sisters and children are all bound to each other no matter how far away they may be from each other physically. The family is the inspiration of each individual member and, above all, it is the objective for which each individual member lives and works. The encouragement from the family helps one to achieve marathon goals, and it is the family only that, at time forces a person to adopt the wrong path. Thus the family is of so much importance to every member that, its bonds are in reality responsible for whatever each member achieves or loses. The family is as if the backbone on which the bodies of the individuals in it stand. It is the family that acts as a booster for each one in it and, it is the same family that at times becomes a stumbling block in the growth of an individual in it. This is because the bonds of love are too great to be set apart and as we often hear that love is blind. It is this same blind love of the family that may at times prove to be a hindrance to growth For example, a child in the family may be brilliant in studies but the extreme and blind love of the parents wants to see him as the next Sachin Tendulkar. They, in trying to fulfill their ambition may try to impose their desire on the child and he, in the bargain loses track of studies. At the same time since he has no inclination for cricket, he does not manage to achieve anything in that sphere also. Thus, due to the unquestioned love and bond of the family, the child loses out on both fronts. He is unable to become Sachin Tendulkar and neither has he been able to keep pace with his studies. In this way, the bonds of the family prove to be disastrous also. At the same time, with the backing and support of the family, a child can work wonders as, it is here he gets all the encouragement and back up support. Besides being a support for the children of a family it has often been heard that, b ehind every successful man, there is a woman. This again goes to show how much the backing of a good co-operative wife helps the man also to grow in his career. Thus it is seen that the family bonds play a very prominent part in making or breaking each member of the family. It is from broken homes that, drug addicts, juvenile criminals are also created, so much is the importance of the bonds of a family. So much for parents and children in a family. Even grandparents have an intrinsic role to play in the growth of the individuals. If the children play and have fun with grandparents, they develop a liking for elders, and they learn to respect elders. Once they see their parents behaving well with the grandparents they also learn how to behave with elders. This presence of elders in a family makes the bonds still more pleasant and more lasting. Like everything else, bonds of a family also have their advantages and disadvantages. However, the disadvantages are so minuscule that, the prominent advantages overpower them and the essence of family life and its bonds appear to be just worth it. Where there is a family to fall back upon, even hard times of misfortune, it becomes easier to bear and this is just what family bonds is all about. These bonds are so strong that, no power can break them or destroy them. It is however great luck to get the fortune of a fully blooming family with all its bonds in place.

Personal Narrative - Bicycle Crash Essay -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Bicycle Crash I used to bike often with my friend Juan in my hometown of Aguascalientes, Mexico. In the narrow streets, a heavy flow of traffic make biking treacherous. Certain streets have traffic signs saying, "CEDA EL PASO A UN VEHICULO" which means "Let one vehicle go through at a time." I biked on the right side of the street and my friend Juan biked on the left side. On our trip to buy tamales Juan and I were supposed to cross an intersection with a "CEDA EL PASO A UN VEHICULO" sign. As we approached the intersection, I gleamed my chance to cross at the same time as the car in front of me. Since Juan and I were racing to cross the intersection, I sped up to reach the red vehicle. As I crossed the intersection I failed to see an approaching blue car on my ...

Oppressiveness of Society Exposed in Emily Jane Brontes Wuthering Heights :: Emily Jane Brontes Wuthering Heights

Oppressiveness of Society Exposed in Emily Jane Bronte's Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights, the creation of Emily Jane Bronte, depicts not a fantasy realm nor the depths of hell. Rather, the novels focuses on two main characters' battle with the restrictions of Victorian Society. Societal pressures and restrictive cultural confines exile Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff from the world and then from each other. The story commences in the desolate moors of Yorkshire, home of the estate Wuthering Heights. True to its setting, the novel develops Catherine and Heathcliff as mischievous children who wander the isolated bogs, separating themselves from the activities of Wuthering Heights. Catherine^s childhood exile stems from her lack of compliance with the rules concerning the conduct of a Victorian lady. As a child, her father was too ill to reprimand the free spirited child, ^who was too mischievous and wayward for a favourite.^(33). Therefore, Catherine grew up among nature and lacked the sophistication of high society. Catherine removed herself from society and, "had ways with her such as I never saw a child take up before; she put all of us past our patience fifty times and oftener in a day;...we had not a minute^s security that she wouldn^t be in mischief. Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going--singing, laughing, and plaguing everyone who would not do the same. A wild, wicked slip she was--"(37). Catherine further disregarded social standards and remained friends with Heathcliff despite his degradation by Hindley, her brother. ^Miss Cathy and he [Heathcliff] were now very thick;^(33) and she found her sole enjoyment in his companionship. Catherine grew up beside Heathcliff, ^in the fields. They both promised to grow up as rude as savages; the young master [Hindley] being entirely negligent how they behaved,^(40-41). During her formative years Catherine^s conduct did not reflect that of a young Lady, ^and one of their chief amusements [was] to run away to the moors in the morning and remain there all day,^(41). Thus, Catherine^s behavior developed and rejected the ideals of an oppressive, over-bearing society, which in turn created an isolation from the institutionalized world. The two existed on their private island unchecked until Catherine suffers an injury from the Linton^s bulldog. Forced to remain at Thrushcross Grange, the Linton^s home, after her injury, isolates Catherine from Heathcliff and her former world of reckless freedom. Living amongst the elegance of the Lintons transforms Catherine from a coarse youth into a delicate lady. However, sublimation into Victorian society does not fit her

Despite Atwood’s portrayal of Gilead as soulless and destructive she has nevertheless succeeded in giving the reader a sense of optimism

‘The Handmaid's Tale' is set in the futuristic republic of Gilead. Everybody has somebody controlling what they do and only a minority have control over other people. In the first chapter alone we learn of the system of control within the Handmaids' residence. There are the angels, who are responsible for the Aunts, who have responsibility for the handmaids, i. e. the narrator. This system has the sole purpose, reproduction: â€Å"we are for breeding purposes†¦ There is supposed to be nothing entertaining about us, no room is to be permitted for the flowering of secret lusts†¦ We are two-legged wombs, that's all: sacred vessels, ambulatory chalices. † The narrator of takes on a role based on the Biblical story of Jacob's wives; when they failed to conceive, he fathered children by their handmaids. In a world in which the fertility of both sexes has dropped dramatically, it is the role for which young women who have demonstrated their ability to bear children are destined, rather to the chagrin of the Wives who have to house them. For this regime to function effectively it is important that a high level of control is exerted and more essentially, that the people within the regime understand there purpose. They are not there to build relationships, they are there for reproduction and any other aspect of life is irrelevant. Ironically the regime is developed for sex yet any attributes you would normally apply to a sexual relationship have been removed. There is no conversation, no intimacy, no pleasure or appreciation of yourself or your partner; in fact there is no relationship with your partner or anyone else. Physical contact must be kept to what is necessary and the act of sex itself is simply necessary for reproduction. For the regime to work there can be no feelings. To prevent feelings developing within people towards others Gilead works to remove anything that makes the person unique, this is why the regime has been described as â€Å"soulless† as by taking away peoples' personalities you are practically taking away their soul. This is similar to the system in Aldous Huxley's â€Å"Brave New World† where the concept of love has been destroyed. The idea of falling in love with someone has been made almost impossible, as there is no opportunity for this to happen, everybody been made as soulless as possible. There must be no character, individuality or expression of self to avoid people getting into any form of relationship. The women are literally branded with numbers a code that ties them to the regime. They are made to wear uniforms (in describing the uniforms Atwood appears to me making a link to the similarity to the German and Canadian prisoners of war uniforms from World War Two) and are renamed in attempt to completely depersonalise them. They are treated as cattle, as a group with no thought of their own. This leaves the reader questioning their interpretation of the narrator, we sometimes see her as an individual taking minor rebellion against the regime, and yet at other times we see her as one of many that are all in the same helpless situation. The high level of control they hold over their people enhances Gilead's destructive manner. Even the narrator's name â€Å"Offred† has been composed by the regime. The novel explains this unusual noun as being a word â€Å"that is composed of the possessive preposition and the first name of the name of the gentlemen in question. † However most readers pick up on the play on the word â€Å"offered† she is offered around the gentlemen in society. No individual or group is strong enough to overthrow the regime and this is the focal point of the regime's strength. They can enforce and law no matter how unjust because there is no one strong enough to oppose it. However at no point is the reader led to believe that the narrator has given up hope and that there is no purpose for her anymore. This is of a conscious effort by Atwood to create a positive perspective of the situation through her narrative technique, imagery and by surrounding the character with situations where they could potentially rebel. The harsh regime of Gilead is emphasised by Atwood offering the reader a comparison of the narrator's current situation and her previous one, it has been suggested that this is Atwood supporting the theory that fear causes regression, not progression. These comparisons are possible because of the flashback technique that occurs throughout the novel. For example, Offred contrasts the way she used to think about her body to the way she thinks about it now: ‘I used to thin of my body as an instrument, of pleasure, or a means of transportation, or an implement for the accomplish of my will †¦ now the flesh arranges itself differently. I'm a cloud, congealed around a central object, the shape of a pear, which is hard and more real than I am and glows red within its translucent wrapping. Where as in the story, Offred uses the flashbacks as a way of escaping, a more practical level Atwood uses them to reveal to the reader the reasons behind the current situation and how the novel possibly relates to our lives. One critic commented, â€Å"1the essential element of a cautionary tale is recognition†. The reader is very aware that Offred once lived a life similar to their own, this heightens their compassion towards the handmaid's and in some ways the novel acts as a warning, for what could potentially occur in our own future. By allowing us to see Offred's past and compare it with the life she has been forced to live now it is obvious how much destruction the regime has caused. For the novel to progress it is essential Atwood creates optimism, because Offred herself has to say positive in order to cope with the situations, she cannot give up therefore Atwood cannot let the reader think she has given up. Minor acts of rebellion are ways of showing the reader that the system has flaws, there is a gap and if Offered works hard enough she can get through the gaps in the system. For example, no communication is meant to happen between the handmaids and yet Offred and Moira find a way of talking through a hole in the wall, which poses as a hole in the system. However, Atwood creates the feeling of empowerment and hope through these rebellions but she never goes as far as to say there definitely is hope. It is possible that Offred is aware than any act of rebellion is simply a coping tactic and the regime will not fall, she will leave eventually and the regime will go on unshaken. Offred's relationship with the commander acts as â€Å"something else to think about†, as the reader we do not dwell on the state of the society as we are now concerned with the relationship Offred is forming, of course this is due to the narrative style of the novel, we are guided towards thinking about Offred and the commander because that is what Offred is thinking about and we are reading her thoughts, in the form of a dialogue to her audience. However it is ambiguous as the whether the commander forms an attachment with many of his handmaids, so Offred's relationship with Nick is far more pivotal to her story as it is as close as she could have to the sort of relationship she could have formed before the regime, the sort that she had with her husband Luke. The risk she eventually takes with him we know could be the end of her but at the time it's a chance for a better standard of life, of course again this could be perceived as Offred falling under the control of Gilead's regime by going out of her way to have a child and conforming to their rules. Gilead's destructive power is emphasised by showing the extremes it will force people to go to, to succumb to their demands. An essential part to the regime is the fact that everyone is a victim; everybody has had to sacrifice something and give up part of their old life. Even those that still have a small amount of control have given up more than they have gained. Serena Joy is portrayed as a malicious character by Offred, yet she has lost her relationship with her husband, she has no contact with anyone and has to live in a regime that has her husband sleeping with many different women. Atwood uses process and reconstruction when writing and the reader is often reminded that â€Å"truth† is only a matter of the teller's perspective. If the reader is never sure of the true details then they are allowed to picture the worst possible situations, and the best. Time shifts and short scenes add to the ambiguity of the story and the reader may question how factually based the story actually is and how true to life Offred's description of other characters are. Moira is a classic example, it could be she was never as strong or rebellious as Offred claimed she was, she was maybe a role model for Offred and her character was exaggerated because Offred need her role model to be strong. However it is not only the reader that is unsure of the truth, Offred has very little facts at her disposal. The only time the handmaid's are educated is when they are listening to the Bible being read or watching the â€Å"news. † In the same way the Ministry of Truth created the news in George Orwell's â€Å"1984† there is suggestion the news the handmaids are shown is fabricated. By acknowledging this fact Offred has rebelled against the regime. However she also accepts that â€Å"any news is better than none† and she simply has to believe the news because there is nothing else to go by. It is the only source of knowledge. Gilead's controls are so tight she is forced to believe what she hears. This too is similar to â€Å"1984† and the concept created by George Orwell of doublethink which is to acknowledge two conflicting truths at once. Offred accepts the news is probably false and yet she also believes it is true because she has to. This is similar to the relationship between the reader and the narrator; we accept that what here cannot be entirely true yet we have to believe it. Offred herself does not know what has happened to her daughter or her husband therefore she is able to cling on to the hope that they are alive, as it has not been confirmed otherwise. The reader does the same with Offred's existence at the end of the novel, we hope she is alive and the ambiguity of the ending allows us to do so. Quite often in the novel Atwood creates a sense of hope later to take it away again, or create optimism with an underlying tone of doubt. When Offred discovers the note in the cupboard â€Å"nolite te bastardes carborundorum† she is filled with hope, reading it as a message left for her by the last person that lived here, she is reading which she is not allowed to do as language has been abolished and this all adds to the positive feeling of going against the regime. However Offred then builds up the message to by more significant than it is and is let down when the commander translates it as â€Å"don't let the bastards grind you down. At the end, we discover that Offred's story was not founding the form of a manuscript but as a recording on a cassette player. This is confusing for the reader as the strict structure of the regime would not have made it possible to have access to a cassette player. One suggestion is that Offred did escape and managed to record her story at a later point. However even if Offred had been writing this would have been a constant form of rebellion, as language had been abolished. It has been suggested that Offred's storytelling is an act of resistance to Gilead, just as her tale itself is an act of resistance to masculinist fiction conventions, including that archetypal patriarchal text, the Old Testament. In many ways the historical notes are more essential to the meaning of the novel than Offred's story. On a positive note, the historical notes assure the reader that the regime of Gilead was overthrown and society returned to normal, Offred's story has been found in the form of cassette recordings, this suggests she did escaped and managed to get her writing on to tape. However, Offred's story is found but it is not heard or understood. Male historians have tried to impose their perception of it on to it and created a title for it. The regime has apparently not changed their sexist attitudes, history has taught them nothing. The professors are abusing Offred as Gilead did by removing her authority from the telling of her own story, they seem more worried at the fact there is nothing more about the Commander and his true identity. Ironically he does just what Offred predicts would happen to the story of the Handmaid's â€Å"from the point of view of future history, we'll be invisible. The modern day historians have depersonailised her just as much as the regime did by taking away her voice and forcing reader is brought into a second vision of the future and is forced to judge what they have just read. Atwood's historical notes satirise American society as it stands today, where as Gilead is based on an international range of models, which include not only historical examples but contemporary political carnage in Iran, Latin America and more recently Iraq and Afghanistan. Denay Nunavit† (deny none of it) seems to be Atwood's message out of the past to the future, giving the reader a sense of shared moral responsibility for our own futures. This is effective as the pre Gilead society is very similar to our own society today. The novel was first published in 1986 â€Å"the age of the R – strain syphilis and Aids epidemic† Aids had just being brought to the publics attention and there was a massive campaign to prevent it's spread. A second reason we are given for the need of a society such as Gilead was â€Å"various nuclear power plant accidents†¦ hemical and biological warfare, stock piles and toxic waste disposal sites† all readers will recognise these issues and can map them on to real life incidents such as Chernobyl. Similarly to â€Å"1984,† Atwood's novel seems to be an extension of real fears her audience would have had. This was noted by one reader who commented that: â€Å"what is especially meaningful is the fact that the book was published in the 80's, long before many of the concepts were as relevant as they are now. 2 Ironically once the regime has been abolished there is no longer the optimistic tone in Atwood's writing, suggesting that even though Gilead was destructive, the intention of the society was good and there was room for hope, however we can now see that life after Gilead reverted to pre Gilead ways and there has been no progression, development of understanding a nd this is a far more negative situation to be faced because it suggests man will never learn.

Dates for Major Events in Ancient History

Dates for Major Events in Ancient History The major events in ancient history listed in the table below are those  happenings in the world that led to or gravely impacted the rise and decline of the great Mediterranean civilizations of Greece and Rome. Many of the dates cited below are only approximate or traditional. This is particularly true of the events before the rise of Greece and Rome, but the early years of Greece and Rome are also approximations. 4th Millennium BCE 3500:  The first cities are built  by the  Sumerians  at Tell Brak, Uruk, and Hamoukar in Mesopotamias Fertile Crescent.   3000: Cuneiform writing is developed in Uruk  as a way to track commercial trade and taxes.  Ã‚   3rd Millennium BCE 2900: The first defensive walls are built in Mesopotamia.   2686–2160: The first pharaoh Djoser unites upper and lower Egypt for the first time, establishing the Old Kingdom.   2560: The Egyptian architect Imhotep finishes the  Great Pyramid of Cheops on the Giza Plateau. 2nd Millennium BCE 1900–1600: The Minoan culture on the Greek island of Crete becomes a powerhouse of the international shipping trade. 1795–1750:  Hammurabi, who wrote the first legal code, conquers  Mesopotamia, the land between the  Tigris  and Euphrates Rivers. 1650: The Middle Kingdom of Egypt falls apart and Lower Egypt is ruled by the Asiatic Hyksos; the Kushite kingdom rules Upper Egypt. 1600:  The Minoan culture is replaced by the  Mycenaean civilization  of mainland Greece, thought to be the Trojan civilization recorded by Homer. 1550–1069: Ahmose drives out the Hyksos and establishes the New Kingdom dynastic period in Egypt. 1350–1334: Akhenaten introduces (briefly) monotheism in Egypt.   1200: Fall of Troy (if there was a Trojan War). 1st Millennium BCE 995: The Judean King David captures Jerusalem.   8th Century BCE 780–560: Greeks send settlers to create colonies in Asia Minor. 776: Legendary start of the Ancient Olympics. 753: Legendary founding of Rome. 7th Century BCE   621: Greek lawgiver Draco establishes a written but harsh code of laws to punish trivial and serious crimes in Athens.   612: The Babylonians and  Medes  burn the Persian capital of Nineveh,  marking the end of the Assyrian Empire. 6th Century BCE 594:  The Greek philosopher Solon becomes archon (chief magistrate) in Greece and attempts to legislate reforms  with a new code of laws for Athens.   588: Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar conquers Jerusalem and brings the Judean king and thousands of citizens of Judea back to Babylon with him. 585: Greek philosopher  Thales  of Miletus successfully predicts a solar eclipse on May 28. 550: Cyrus the Great establishes the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire. 550: Greek colonies include almost all of the Black Sea area, but begin to find it difficult to survive so far from Athens and make diplomatic compromises with the Persian Empire. 546–538: Cyrus and the Medes defeat Croesus and capture  Lydia.   538: Cyrus allows the Jews in Babylon to return home. 525:  Egypt falls to the Persians and becomes a satrapy under Cyruss son Cambyses.   509: Traditional date for the founding of the Roman Republic. 508: Athenian lawgiver Cleisthenes reforms the constitution of ancient Athens, setting it on a democratic footing. 509: Rome signs a friendship treaty with Carthage. 5th Century BCE 499: After paying tribute and arms to the Persian Empire for several decades, Greek city-states revolt against Persian rule. 492–449: The Persian king Darius the Great invades Greece, kicking off the Persian Wars.   490: Greeks win against the Persians in Battle of Marathon. 480: Xerxes overcomes the Spartans at Thermopylae; at Salamis, the combined Greek navy wins that battle. 479: Battle of Plataea is won by the Greeks, effectively ending the second Persian invasion. 483: Indian philosopher Siddhartha Gautama Buddha (563–483) dies and his followers begin to organize a religious movement based on his teachings. 479: Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479) dies, and his disciples carry on. 461–429: Greek statesman Pericles (494–429) leads a period of economic growth and cultural flourishing, also known as the Golden Age of Greece.   449: Persia and Athens sign the Peace of Callias, officially ending the Persian Wars. 431–404: The Peloponnesian War pits Athens against Sparta.  Ã‚   430–426: The Plague of Athens kills an estimated 300,000 people, among them Pericles. 4th Century BCE 371: Sparta is defeated at the battle at Leuctra.   346: Philip II of Macedon (382–336) forces Athens to accept the Peace of Philocrates, a peace treaty marking the end of Greek independence. 336: Philips son Alexander the Great (356–323) rules Macedonia. 334: Alexander fights and wins against the Persians at the Battle of Granicus in Anatolia. 333: Macedonian forces under Alexander defeat  the Persians at the Battle of Issus. 332: Alexander conquers Egypt, founds Alexandria, and installs a Greek government but leaves the next year. 331: At the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander defeats the Persian king Darius III. 326: Alexander reaches the limit of his expansion, winning the Battle of the Hydaspes in the northern Punjab region of what is today Pakistan. 324: The Mauryan empire  in India is founded by Chandragupta Maurya, the first ruler  to unite most of the Indian subcontinent. 323: Alexander dies, and his empire falls apart as his generals, the diadochi, battle one another for supremacy. 305: The first Greek pharaoh of Egypt, Ptolemy I, takes over the reins and establishes the Ptolemaic dynasty. 3rd Century BCE 265–241: The First Punic War between Rome and Carthage is waged with no decisive winner.   240: Greek mathematician Eratosthenes (276–194) measures the Earths circumference. 221–206:  Qin Shi Huang  (259–210) unites China for the first time, beginning the Qin Dynasty; construction on the Great Wall begins. 218–201: The Second Punic War begins in Carthage, this time led by the Phoenician leader Hannibal (247–183) and a force supported by elephants; he loses to the Romans and later commits suicide.   215–148: The Macedonian Wars lead to Romes control of Greece. 206: The Han Dynasty rules in China, led by  Liu Bang (Emperor Gao), who uses the Silk Road to make trade connections as far as the Mediterranean. 2nd Century BCE 149–146: The Third Punic War is waged, and at the end, according to legend, the Romans salt the land so Carthaginians can no longer live there.   135: The first Servile War is conducted when the slaves of Sicily revolt against Rome. 133–123: The Gracchi brothers attempt to reform Romes social and political structure to help the lower classes.   1st Century BCE 91–88: The Social War (or Marsic War) begins,  a rebellion waged by Italians who want Roman citizenship. 88–63: The Mithridatic Wars are fought by Rome against the Pontic empire  and its allies. 60: Roman leaders  Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar form the 1st Triumvirate.   55: Julius  Caesar invades Britain. 49: Caesar crosses the Rubicon, precipitating the Roman Civil War. 44: On the Ides of March (March 15), Caesar is assassinated. 43: The 2nd Triumvirate, that of Marc Antony, Octavian, and M Aemillius Lepidus, is established.   31: At the Battle of Actium, Antony and the last Ptolemaic pharaoh Cleopatra VII are defeated and soon after Augustus (Octavian) becomes the first emperor of Rome. 1st Century CE 9: German tribes destroy 3 Roman legions under P. Quinctilius Varnus in the Teutoberg Forest. 33: Judean philosopher Jesus (3 BCE–33 CE)  is executed by Rome and his followers continue. 64: Rome burns while Nero (supposedly) fiddles.   79: Mount Vesuvius erupts burying the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. 2nd Century CE 122: Roman soldiers begin building Hadrians Wall, a defensive structure that will eventually stretch 70 miles across Northern England and marks the northern limit of the empire in Great Britain. 3rd Century CE 212: The  Edict of Caracalla extends Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Empire. 284–305: The Roman Emperor Diocletian divides the Roman empire into four administrative units known as the Roman Tetrarchy, and afterward there was usually more than one imperial head of Rome. 4th Century CE 313: Decree of Milan legalizes Christianity in the Roman Empire. 324: Constantine the Great establishes his capital at Byzantium (Constantinople). 378: Emperor Valens is killed by the Visigoths at the Battle at Adrianople. 5th Century CE 410: Rome is sacked by the Visigoths. 426: Augustine writes City of God, in support of Christianity in Rome. 451: Attila the Hun (406–453) faces the Visigoths and Romans together in the Battle of Chalons. He then invades Italy but is convinced to withdraw by Pope Leo I.   453: Attila the Hun dies.   455: Vandals sack Rome. 476: Arguably, the western Roman Empire ends when Emperor Romulus Augustulus is removed from office.

The Life of Martin Luther essays

The Life of Martin Luther essays Martin Luther lived in a period that had a wide spread desire for reformation of the Christan Churhc and played the role in the development of Protestantism. Luther was born at Eislebenin Saxony. Since his father was a miner, it was a great distress on him to send Martin to school and then to the University of Erfurt. That is where he earned his masters degree at the young age of twenty-one(Erikson, 39). Although his father wished him to study law, Martin, after being terribly frightened in a thunderstorm, vowed to become a Friar. He entered the monastery of the Augustinian friars at Erfurt and was ordained a priest(Erikson, 167). He eventually earned a doctorate of theology. He grew disburbed by the growing abouve of indulgences. The cetrificate granted by the people in return for the payment of a fee to the church. It stated that the sould of a dead relative or a friend of the purchaser would have his time in purgatory reduced by many years or cancelled together. Also the person had to by an indulgence. This would allow them to receive their earthly penance, since no one knows that Gods ultimate punishment will be. The Catholic Church faith now has a doctrine to back the three principles of indulgences(Neil 18) (Underwood 345). the principles of indulgences first one that God mericful, but he also just. Next, Chrust and hte saints, through their inifnite virtue, established a treasury of merits on which the church, through its special relationship with Christ and the saints, can draw. Third, the Church has the authority to grant sinners the spiritual benefits of those meirts(Underwood, 345). Luther idea spread began writing the Ninty-five Theses or arguments against indulgences. That he began posting them on the Wittenberg where he preached. He wanted the public to know that he was debating against important issue. The Theses stated the simple folk believe...

Is Abortion Immoral Essays

Is Abortion Immoral Essays Is Abortion Immoral Essay Is Abortion Immoral Essay In Carol Levine’s book. Taking Sides. the argument discoursing whether abortion is considered immoral or non raises inquiries about the relationship between jurisprudence. society. and moralss. When discoursing abortion. there are typically two polar opposite positions in which to categorise the statement: the pro-life position and the pro-choice position. From a conservative point of position. the pro-life stance is one that sees abortion as the pickings of an guiltless life of a kid. The pro-lifers would besides reason that life begins at construct and are in favour of back uping the life of the kid in the uterus. However. abortion has been legal since 1973. The 1973 Supreme tribunal determination of Roe v. Wade declared that a adult female has a constitutional right to privateness. which includes an abortion. ( p 121 ) Even though abortion is legalized. it does non do the pick to abort the kid morally right. Patrick Lee and Robert P. George conclude that being a female parent generates a particular duty and that the forfeit morally required of the female parent is less onerous than the injury that would be done to the kid. doing his or her decease. to get away duty. ( p 121 ) The first inquiry to be raised is whether the human embryo/fetus should be considered a complete human being or non. The human embryo is considered to be distinguishable from any cell of both the female parent and of the male parent because it is turning in its ain way. The human embryo is evidently human. with DNA feature of human existences. Most significantly. the human embryo is a complete being even though it is said to be an immature one. Rather. an embryo ( and foetus ) is a human being at a certain ( early ) phase of development- the embryonic ( or fetal ) phase. ( p 123 ) Therefore. it is arguably said that aborting the kid. at any term. is considered feticide and objectively immoral. In abortion. what is killed is a human being. a whole life member of the species gay sapiens. the same sort of entity as you or I. merely at an earlier phase of development†¦ ( p 124 ) Another statement in the argument is that abortion is justified as non-intentional violent death. Some pro-choicers argue that it is non so much deliberately killing the kid. but instead non taking to supply the kid with aid or a place during the gestation period. all while cognizing that evicting the kid will about surely cause decease. The bodily rights rgument provinces that a adult female is non morally required to let the foetus the usage of her organic structure. ( p 124 ) By depicting abortion as taking non to supply bodily life support is a misconception. when the ultimate side consequence is decease. nevertheless unwilled it may be. There is a important moral difference between non making something that would help person. and making something that causes person injury. even if that injury is an unintended ( but foreseen ) side consequence. ( p 125 ) Most adult females that chose abortion do non desire their kid to decease or to perpetrate feticide. they merely want to end gestation. Death of their kid is simply a atrocious side consequence. However. does it morally warrant their pick? Abortion is the act of pull outing the unborn human being from the womb- an extraction that normally rips him or her to pieces or does him or her force in some other manner. ( p 125 ) From a Christian position. Ramsey would reason against abortion saying that the holiness of life should be preserved. He respects the nature of human parentage that calls for a domain of love brotherhood and a domain of reproduction. When a adult female becomes pregnant. whether it is by pick or non. it is from so on viewed as her duty. So. the load of transporting the babe. for all its sharpness. is significantly less than the injury the babe would endure by being killed ; the female parent and the male parent have a particular duty to the kid ; it follows that knowing abortion ( even in the few instances where the baby’s decease is an unintended but foreseen side consequence ) is unfair and hence objectively immoral. ( p 128 ) Ramsey opposes an ethic based on ends or terminals which from a Christian point of view will finally be destroyed anyhow. This is one of his bases for an independent moral principle of agencies. The Roman Catholic Church argues against direct abortion saying that we must handle the kid with same rights as a individual. A direct violent death is an act that by the nature of the act or the purpose of the agent aims at the killing either as a agency or as an terminal. Ramsey would besides back up this statement. Those who condemn abortion as immoral by and large follow a classical tradition in which abortion is a public affair because it involves our construct of how we should populate together in an ideal society. ( p 120 )

WK4SUBJ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WK4SUBJ - Assignment Example His diet in the last 24 hours includes corn flakes, milk, three apples, diet soda, rice and chicken. He is currently not on any medication. He takes fluids regularly, at least one liter of clean water daily. His physical exercise involves walking to and from work daily, a total of 4 miles. He spends most of his day standing or walking around the factory. No psychological stress reported. On inspection, the client looks healthy and of normal weight. The current total body weight is 73kg, which has not increased in last three months. The client does not have any problem chewing, walking or in performance of other activities. There is no report of muscular, joints or bone throbbing. Client reports having had a fall in childhood that resulted in a dislocated knee joint. The dislocation was handled, and there was no further problems with the knee. No other problem was reported involving the muscles, joints or bones. The client has completed tetanus and polio immunization schedule. The client has never been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, SLE or sickle cell anemia. The client has regular exercise. He walks to work (4 miles) each day. In cases of muscular pain, the client uses anti-inflammatory balm for relief. The client does not smoke or take alcohol. He likes taking a diet soda on weekends. His typical diet includes milk, bread, rice and beef. He works at a chemical factory where most of his day is spent standing or walking around. He reports normal sexual life and is not stressed. Client reports slight headache that was on and off in the last one week. There is no report of seizure activity accompanying the headache. Bending and strenuous activity exacerbated the headache. There is no report of decreased sensation of taste, smell, hearing or sight. The client has adequate memory and reports no problems with hearing, swallowing or body control. There is a positive history of high blood pressure in the family. The client’s mother is

Should Media Respect Privacy of Political Figures Essay

Should Media Respect Privacy of Political Figures - Essay Example The media, therefore, should respect the privacy of politicians’ children and relatives and restrain from exposing things they did or said when they had no control over themselves, as in times of sickness. In other situations, the media should have the right to investigate and expose what politicians say or do, because it has serious political, economic, social and moral implications for the whole country. Politicians decide the political fate of a country. They make war and peace; they make laws and preside over implementation; they set the rules to reward and punish people for their behavior; they can take away freedom as in preventive detention, take life as in death penalty, or spare life as in presidential pardons. While doing so, politicians might often have public well being on their mind, but the possibility of private profit and interest cannot be ruled out. For instance, the Republican President Richard Nixon staged the Watergate Scandal using public resources to wea ken and defeat the Democrat opponent. President George Bush took America to war against Iraq on the pretext that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, though he wanted to punish Hussein for allegedly trying to murder his father after the first Gulf War. If politicians could do such horrendous things even when the media could investigate and bring out the truth, and expose them, what could they do without the fear of exposure? The media must help the citizens know if politicians have taken vital political decisions purely to advance public well being, to promote their own personal interest, or settle personal scores. Similarly, politicians also play critical role in shaping the economic policy of the country. They enjoy the power to tax and spend, regulate internal and external trade and commerce, even control the monetary policy indirectly. Increasingly, political offices are being won with the help of contributions from supporter. Politics, power and corruption have alway s moved together. Several Members of Congress have gone to jail or been removed from office due to financial crimes, despite the constant fear of exposure by the media. If their privacy were respected by the media, politicians would go after the fast buck and still hold the office. Politicians are also social leaders and many of them are role models. We study their biographies and autobiographies to find inspiration and understand how they become successful. In addition, politicians frequently convince many people to vote for them, to attack their political opponents, and to become bigots or open-minded. They also quite frequently use their power and position to break social norms, win sexual favors from men and women under them, and tweak the law to stay out of prison when they commit crimes. In every presidential elections, candidates collect money from nefarious individuals and groups of people and return their contribution if the media exposes it. Members of Congress have lost t heir office due to their involvement in crime, sodomy, corruption, and sexual affairs. They have done all this despite the fact that the media could expose their misdeeds. If the media were to respect their privacy, many politicians would run amok committing crimes left and right because they can hide such crimes under the pall of privacy. Last but not least, acts and words of politicians have serious moral impact on

Finacial & legal aspecat of procurement Assignment

Finacial & legal aspecat of procurement - Assignment Example nstruction of structures, fixing of electronics and navigation devices, maintenance of auxiliary systems, technical support to engineers and other shipyard services depend on the available specialized labor. Structural developments take the biggest chunk of labor expense followed outfit and furnishings because they are done virtually on a daily basis. Another cost driver is the purchase of materials (Moelmann & Harris, pg30). Fixing of electrical appliances cost the company heavily due to the high cost of purchasing special devices such as adaptors, which are very critical in navigation and propulsion. Materials increase overhead costs due to the ever-changing prices of imported appliances and accessories. The accounting office can hardly obtain a definite estimate of the overhead costs to be incurred on product accessories and appliance in all accounting phase. Most of the purchased materials are imported from Japan and Germany. The fluctuating world prices shift the costs from time to time making it quite impossible to project the actual cost of materials. Propulsion materials have a high depreciation rate due to the busy schedule of the transport company in all the segments in deals in. In shipping and land courier services, the expense is high on oil and engine spare parts. The cost of petrol, gearbox replacements is high and almost a fixed cost because it is the only available method of propulsion. For shipping high capacity, diesel engines are expensive to repair and the oil prices keep rising regardless of the increase in the cost of different engine models. In the last financial period, the company had to purchase more spare parts for the ship engines and 20 more courier vans to serve on the land segment. The overall cost of the company doubled even when the cost of technical support, auxiliary systems, and electrical appliances remained the same. This significantly affected the profit margin going down at its lowest in a decade. Fees and insurance has

Effects of Interest Rates on Consumer Purchasing Term Paper

Effects of Interest Rates on Consumer Purchasing - Term Paper Example An increase in interest rates may have different effects on the consumer buying behaviors. One of the effects is that it causes a rise in borrowing cost. Therefore, consumers are going to be discouraged to borrow or save. The increased interests will leave consumers with little disposable income and therefore this will reduce consumption or consumer buying   (Soderlind, p.402). Another effect of a rise in interest rates on consumer behavior is the desire to save rather than to spend. The consumers will tend to save their money since they will be encouraged by the high-interest rates the banks offer. The value of the dollar increases with a rise in interest rates. One cause for the increase is the increased money flows. Therefore, investors are more likely to save in US banks if the US rates are high compared to other countries. The main result of a stronger dollar is that it makes exporting from the US not to be competitive leading to  increase in exports and a reduction in imports. In the long run, consumer consumption will have reduced in places outside the United States of America. Increased interest rate reduces the buyers’ willingness to make investments, as well as risky purchases. Consequently, they shy off from borrowing and end up saving for fear of losing their money. In such cases, demand for products reduces and there is a general reduction in consumer expenditure on goods (Esch, p. 302). The rise in interest rates has the general effect of reducing the consumers’ demand for purchasing products. In the case of an increase, consumers try to save and spend less due to a reduced disposable income. On the other side, a reduction in the interest rates will affect the consumers buying behavior in various ways. One way is that lower interest rates will result in reduced returns on savings.  

Role & Functions of Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role & Functions of Law - Research Paper Example The famed writer of Civil Law, Sanchez Roman defined law as a rule of conduct, just, obligatory, laid down by a legitimate power for common observance and benefit. (Nolledo 1978, p. 1) Another requisite is the existence of a sanction or punishment in case of non-observance of the rule of conduct. The sanction may be in the form of either or some of the following: fine, imprisonment, forfeiture of rights and properties, payment of interest or surcharges, liability for damages, expulsion or deportation, and exile. Nolledo (1978) presented following characteristics of business law, to wit: (1) it is universal because it exists in every civilized society; (2) it is progressive because as time passes, business law accumulates new ideas and keeps abreast with modern trends; (3) it is equitable because business transactions involve exchange of values and considerations; (4) it is customary because its rules are followed from time to time or are invoked in every day transactions; and finally (5) it is uniform because within a country, a business act or contract is governed by the same rules. (p. 8) In an article written by Bushman (2007), she recognized the importance of law in the successful operation and existence of business and society. Accordingly, she stipulated that â€Å"laws regulate social behavior, which leads to a society that runs efficiently. Laws also supply ethical standards and expectations, while providing rules of conduct, measures to enforce those rules, and a means for settling disputes. According to Gillies (2004), â€Å"the formal view of law is that it functions to regulate human behavior in obedience to an infinity of different policies. In particular, it aims to regulate relations between persons for in a crowded society, people have to co-exist and occasionally their interests collide†. (p. 4) Other functions of law include: peacekeeping; checking government power and promoting personal freedom; facilitating planning and the

Effects of Interest Rates on Consumer Purchasing Term Paper

Effects of Interest Rates on Consumer Purchasing - Term Paper Example An increase in interest rates may have different effects on the consumer buying behaviors. One of the effects is that it causes a rise in borrowing cost. Therefore, consumers are going to be discouraged to borrow or save. The increased interests will leave consumers with little disposable income and therefore this will reduce consumption or consumer buying   (Soderlind, p.402). Another effect of a rise in interest rates on consumer behavior is the desire to save rather than to spend. The consumers will tend to save their money since they will be encouraged by the high-interest rates the banks offer. The value of the dollar increases with a rise in interest rates. One cause for the increase is the increased money flows. Therefore, investors are more likely to save in US banks if the US rates are high compared to other countries. The main result of a stronger dollar is that it makes exporting from the US not to be competitive leading to  increase in exports and a reduction in imports. In the long run, consumer consumption will have reduced in places outside the United States of America. Increased interest rate reduces the buyers’ willingness to make investments, as well as risky purchases. Consequently, they shy off from borrowing and end up saving for fear of losing their money. In such cases, demand for products reduces and there is a general reduction in consumer expenditure on goods (Esch, p. 302). The rise in interest rates has the general effect of reducing the consumers’ demand for purchasing products. In the case of an increase, consumers try to save and spend less due to a reduced disposable income. On the other side, a reduction in the interest rates will affect the consumers buying behavior in various ways. One way is that lower interest rates will result in reduced returns on savings.  

Vodafone international marketing strategy Case Study

Vodafone international marketing strategy - Case Study Example The fourth chapter will describe the research process i.e. how the research will be conducted and fundamental description about findings. The fifth chapter will describe the analysis of data gathered by literature review and secondary method. This chapter will show if the research findings match with the literature review or not. In the final chapter the ultimate conclusion will be drawn and discussed based on the research problem. The case study is based on the research objective i.e. to understand the international marketing strategies of Vodafone and its impact. Literature Review Vodafone is a telecommunication company which operates their business worldwide. It is a UK based company which serves around 359 million people internationally and operates in over 30 countries in the world [2] (Vodafone Limited, 2010). International Marketing Strategy The principal approach to development of international marketing strategy can be done by three steps. First is the recognition of differe nt marketing segments within the industry, second is clarifying the target customer segment and third is the improvement of products and services according to the needs and requirements of the particular segment. In order to be competitive in the international environment, Michael Porter had proposed three strategies which are cost leadership, focus and differentiation. Vodafone had implemented Porter’s generic strategies in the international business environment to remain competitive. Vodafone had focused on decreasing the cost of their services. In certain particular countries, Vodafone had implemented unique offers to dominate in the market segment. The Porter’s Generic Strategies of Vodafone Strategic...Their cost program helps to balance the cost inflation and facilitate them to increase the revenue [3] (Vodafone Limited, 2010). Vodafone had implemented ‘Siemens top’ plan to employ cost optimisation and reduce the cost of various operations. This plan had successfully reduced cost by 10% per year. Through this plan, Vodafone had involved 500 procedures and freed over 4000 servers and 1000 Tera Byte storage space. Their maintenance cost was saved by 10% and consolidation services cost was saved by 25% (Siemens IT Solutions and Services GmbH, 2011). In the year 2007, Vodafone had selected Sony Ericsson to supply and allocate the spare equipments for their network service in European countries such as Portugal, Spain and Germany. According to the deal with Sony Ericsson, the supply of spare parts included 2G, 3G and transmissions tools in Europe. This is a part of cost reduction strategy of Vodafone which could enable the company to minimise the average cost of management procedure of supply and develop the service level. Through this agreement, Vodafone can harmonise the spare component supply, provide better cost transparency for the provision of services and eliminate the extra investment for spare component inventory. This agreement is beneficial for Vodafone in the sense that it can save the cost by channelizing purchases in all countries by a single supplier (Vodafone Limited, 2007).

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay This was the lesson I learnt from my father, an unceasing learner and a person who would never give up no matter how many and how difficult the obstacles may be. Having understood from him that success is a moving target, the years of my life with my family have inculcated in me a desire to achieve perfection. I propose to read myself starting from childhood to school days to college days to the vestibule of my career. In a few months’ time, I will be completing my B. Pharm prestigious University namely Acharya Nagarjuna University, A.P, India. I am now in the next stage of building my career. I am aware of the influence that the decision will have on my life and I find that I have no hesitation in progressing along a path I had been planning over the last four years. It is my firm conviction that, that one should apply one’s creativity and talent to contribute something original in science and technology. This calls for a specialization in the field of one’s interest. It is in this respect that, I feel undergraduate education is lacking in depth. A graduate education at a reputed university would be invaluable in honing my skills and knowledge, which are very vital for shaping my career. After a careful consideration of my academic background, abilities and career goals, I have decided to pursue my graduate studies in the field of Chemistry. While my graduate study has helped me develop an insight into my intended area of specialization and the ability to relate developments in fundamental concepts to analytical chemistry, it still cannot support my desire for research and design. I therefore strongly believe that a detailed research chemistry from your university will be a step forward in achieving my objective of launching a career in research and designing. My final year project â€Å"Anti-diabetic activity of Passiflora edulis†, was an attempt to identify various chemical constituents present in Passiflora fruit and establishing their activities. The project done offered great insight into Chemistry of Natural Products, Chemical tests and Pharmacological principles. Team spirit and leadership traits were brought to the fore and honed. I was admitted under the merit seat category into Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College. During my undergraduate studies at CIPS , I learnt subjects like Organic Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry,Medicinal Chemistry,Chemistry of natural Products, Physical Pharmacy,Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology,Pharmaceutical analysis subjects as a part of my course curriculum. I have a strong desire to learn whatever I can, and self-reliance to face challenges put forth. A master’s degree from your university will be a deciding factor in shaping my future. I’m confident that the technical knowledge that I gain in the United States of America will help me in playing a constructive role in the progress of mankind. Through the brochure, my friends and also by browsing the web, I came to know that WVU is one of the leading and prestigious institutions for research and the curriculum matches my study objectives. It would be an invaluable opportunity for me to work with the renowned faculty at WVU for my graduate study. I assure you that if I am admitted, I shall strive to contribute significantly to live up to your expectations. I hope that my credentials and background rise up to the standards expected and look forward to pursue my graduate studies there. I request you to consider me for admission with full financial assistance to the Department of Chemistry..

The Iberian Lynx: Habitat, Features and Endangerment

The Iberian Lynx: Habitat, Features and Endangerment Josue Flanquin The Fate of the Iberian Lynx Among the many carnivore species that exist in Europe, the Iberian lynx and the European mink-Mustela lutreola are the only two indigenous species of the continent. In 1992, after series of careful observations and head count by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Iberian Lynx was quickly considered â€Å"critically endangered,† to see one of them go extinct is inacceptable. Despite the many researches, money and time spent in their protection and conservation, yet not much improvement has been shown in their survival. The Iberian lynx, also known as lynx of Spain and as lynx pardinus, will be the first member of the feline species to go extinct since the extinction of the Saber-toothed tiger 10,000 years ago. Being part of the wildcat family, the lynx pardinus displays many of their characteristics including long legs, ruff beard-like fur and tufted ears but unlike many other wildcats, the Iberian lynx coat is spotted, colored and shorter. Geographical Range The Iberian Lynx is known to be a native of Spain and Portugal, mainly in the Southern of the Iberian Peninsula. It is thought that before, they were well-spread all over the area, however, about a century and a half ago, their range has diminish tremendously. Before, their presence was known to be noticeable mainly in the south but also in some northern part of the area. Rapidly within fifty years they started to become extinct in the north Iberian region and an intense decline in density also began to ravage the south. From 1960 to 1990, the decline had become more extreme, and more prominent in south Spain and Portugal with about 80% with only 2% of their previous original range remained occupied. (Ferreras, et al., 2004) Two surveys were published, one in 1988 and the other in 2008. The first one estimated there were in a very fragmented range, about 800 to 1100 Iberian lynxes (adult) living in nine populations. And the other survey that was done in the more recent years has shown a much lower estimated head count to confirm that their presence were only spotted in the southwestern region of the Iberian peninsula. The total estimated number of Iberian lynx spotted and reported was between 475 to 680 Iberian lynxes living in five populations instead of nine populations as previously reported. In order to protect them, they are being kept in the Donana National Park. The species used to be very common in Portugal, but now its thought to be extirpated since their presence was last reported in January 1992. (Delibes, et al., 2000; Ferreras, et al., 2004) Habitat Like many wild felids, the Iberian lynx requires a wide range of terrains, especially below 1300 meters that contain mosaic of closed scrubland that is scattered among open patches of grassland. The reasons for choosing such landscapes are because it provides a great balance between wide-open space and shrub cover. Mostly, lynxes use scrubland as shelter and breeding while other areas that are not totally covered tend to become a shelter for their prey, more specifically their mainstay pray the European Rabbits, also know as Oryctolagus Cuniculus, which is very prominent in these locations. Unfortunately beside the many suitable habitat locations that are available, the species have been extinct from those areas presumably due to the low availability of their main prey (Ferreras et al., 2004). One of the features observed from felids is that they are very solitary and depend on a distributed demographic structure among populations where inbreeding is avoided. This requires passages b etween areas that meet the criteria of the suitable territory. Those passages allow the lynx to look for new habitats outside of the given endemic territory that fits their living condition. (Pedro Sarmento, et al., 2008) Physical Description The Felidae family has many other lynx species in their genus that includes the Canadian lynx (Lynx Canadensis), the Eurasian lynx and the Bobcat (Lynx rufus). The common family traits explain their resemblance and relativeness to each other, for example, although they are very similar in size as the Canadian lynx and the Bobcat lynx but yet smaller than the Eurasian lynx and black shorted-tipped tails. However, the Iberian lynx has some unique features of their own; they have small heads and flat faces, black tufted ears and jowls-bearded appearance and tawny pelage. Those differences have been used recently in the configuration and characterization of their size, shape and intensity of those distinctions in order to determine the degree of diversity genetically within the species. (Beltrà ¡n and Delibes, 1993; Cope, 1879; Delibes, et al., 2000; Meachen-Samuels and Van Valkenburgh, 2009) The mortality rate of the Iberian lynx is higher than their reproduction rate. According to a s tudy led by Delibes, et al 2000, 40% of their mortality happens while scattered over the land. The lifespan of the species and their longevity of captive individual are unknown. The oldest Iberian lynx as of date died at 13 years of age. The Iberian lynx has a straighten-reduced skull, small muzzles; long jaws that give each bite the â€Å"force of a smaller canines.† Those features are very beneficial adaptations for the Iberian lynx, they help them in catching small, fast prey and also enable them with the ability to kill their target with a single bite in the posterior region of the neck in order to puncture and damage the prey’s spinal cord, as opposed to suffocating bite practice by larger lynx. (Cope, 1879; Beltran and Delibes, 1993; Meachen-Samuels and Valkenburgh, 2009) Reproduction The Iberian lynx is known to be a monogamous polygynous species when observed in the Donana National Park, a close-up metapopulation at its carrying capacity density. With the total availability of suitable territories diminishing, Intrasexual interaction has become very competitive, resulting in the male Iberian lynx to have smaller territories that can be easily defended against other surrounding rivals looking for mates. Therefore, such circumstance turns the Iberian lynx to become more of a monogamy community since the males are forced to put all their strength on defending avoiding access to a particular, exclusive single female of that community. The Iberian lynx often reach sexual maturity within a period of nine months to a year after birth. Though even after sexual maturity the females will not breed until they have secured a set territory of their own. After maturity mating is always the next step, given the fact that females’ estrus peak is in January so breeding us ually happens from January to July since it is the only time that the males and females interact. Although males’ territories might overlap with those of the females’, aggressive interaction over mating right is uncommon; however the prominence of the population dictates the fluctuation rates of aggressive intrasexual, the higher the density rate, the higher the population rate will be and vice versa. (Fernà ¡ndez, et al., 2003) Food Habit The Iberian Lynx is a specialized feeder, its diet consist of 80%-100% Oryctolagus cunicuus. One adult Iberian lynx requires between 700 and 1100 kilocalories per day in order to gain the approximate amount of energy needed to function. By consuming their primary prey, the European rabbit. the Iberian lynx get that amount of energy from one single rabbit. One can imagine that an adult female with younger lynxes will require up to three rabbits per day. Because of their distinctive diet, it makes impossible or hardly do they show geographic variation. Threat to their Survival The Iberian lynx species has made it on the top of the red list of critically endangered species facing extinction, according to the IUNC. Many argument and debates are circulating over who or what is responsible for the Iberian lynx decline with barely 150 left in the Iberian Peninsula (see table 1). The three main cause of their death include but not limited to the decline in the Rabbit population, human hunting and human fragmentation. The rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is wild invasive animal. This rabbit has been flagged as nearly endangered species in the IUNC red list due to the disease myxomatosis, habitat loss and human-induced mortality (Smith and Boyer 2008). Many Spaniards enjoy hunting. It is part of their way of life also their a way to make a living. Although the government of Spain and Portugal, both have passed laws that prohibits the hunting of the Iberian lynx, many locals still continue those habits. They would hunt them in order to used get their skin to directly sell them in the black market or to use them to make fur coats. Another main threat to the survival of the Iberian lynx is land fragmentation. During the beginning the 20th century when everything including culture start to get influenced by the western world, many rich companies moved to Spain due to low tax or free tax deal. The government allows big companies such as lumber industries to use portions of the iberian lynx habitat to be converted as stands for timbers, or also they have allowed the construction and development of tower-buildings, roads and highways, shopping malls and modern recreational public parks, invading huge part of the forest’s ecosystem and damaging the lynxes’ native habitat. Part of the life cycle of an Iberian lynx is â€Å"inter-population dispersal,† they use habitat corridors as passage, so with new roads being built that also take its toll on the species. Among the many different researches out there, there have not been enough evidence supporting the idea that human fragmentation as the main cause of death. However, according to â€Å"Delibes, et al., 2000,† most recent mortalities have been reported to be human induced which includes traffic collisions from roads, illegal hunting (5% annually), caught in traps (6% annually), and forest fires. Therefore according to the IUNC 2006, the rabbit’s decline remains the primary cause of death and extinction of the Iberian lynx. http://ge09d-geography-2010.wikispaces.com/file/view/Decline_in_Iberian_Lynx_Numbers_2.1.png/123004189/Decline_in_Iberian_Lynx_Numbers_2.1.pn Conservation Status The Iberian lynx is the most threatened species in Europe. This carnivore has fewer than 200 breeding individuals left. They have suffered not only a huge decline in their population rate and a decline in their prey’s availability but also a massive lost of range contraction. The preservation of this species requires immediate intervention from both government, Spain and Portugal accordingly, in order for it to be successful. Many captive breeding programs have begun but little is known about their success and may need to be thoroughly investigated. The inability of the species to disperse due to habitat fragmentation, has led to their isolation. Habitat fragmentation includes road construction, urban development, agriculture and elimination of corridors. Inter-population dispersal is very important in the species’ life cycle; to disperse they use habitat corridors. Another important step that need to be taken into consideration is the restoration of habitat corridors, their protection is important in the recovery of the iberian lynx, if we need re-establish successful inter-population connectivity Pedro Sarmento, et al., 2008). Furthermore, poaching remains on the list as one of the main threat of death of the Iberian lynx with 5% of annual mortality. Spain government in 1973 and Portugal in 1974 have long passed laws prohibiting exploitation and trade of the Iberian lynx by humans, because such activities are kept secret, sensitivity program has been put in place to inform the locals not to partake in such activities and report them. (Beltrà ¡n and Delibes, 1993) Citations Smith, A.T. Boyer, A.F. 2008. Oryctolagus cuniculus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Francisco Palomares, Miguel Delibes, Eloy Revilla, Javier Calzada and Jose Marà ­a Fedriani, Wildlife Monographs No. 148, Spatial Ecology of Iberian Lynx and Abundance of European Rabbits in Southwestern Spain (Oct., 2001) GIL-Sà NCHEZ J, MCCAIN E. Former range and decline of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) reconstructed using verified records.Journal Of Mammalogy[serial online]. October 2011;92(5) Sunquist, M. and Sunquist, F. (2002) Wild Cats of the World. The University of ChicagoSunquist, M. and Sunquist, F. (2002) Wild Cats of the World. The University of Chicago F. palomares, vegetation Structure and Prey Abundance Requirements of the Iberian Lynx: Implications for the Design of Reserves and Corridors Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 38, No. 1 (Feb., 2001), pp. 9-18 JESUS M. PEREZ, The dilemma of conserving parasites: the case of Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) and its host, the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) Insect Conservation and Diversity (2013) Carlos Carroll and Dale G. Miquelle, Spatial Viability Analysis of Amur Tiger Panthera tigris altaica in the Russian Far East: The Role of Protected Areas and Landscape Matrix in Population Persistence Journal of Applied Ecology vol 43 Ferreras, P., Gaona, P., Palomares, F. and Delibes, M. (2001), Restore habitat or reduce mortality? Implications from a population viability analysis of the Iberian lynx. Animal Conservation, 4:265–274. Palma, L., Beja, P. and Rodrigues, M. (1999), The use of sighting data to analyse Iberian lynx habitat and distribution. Journal of Applied Ecology J. Torres, R. Garcà ­a-Perea, J. Gisbert and C. Feliu (1998). Helminth fauna of the Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus. Journal of Helminthology, 72, pp 221-226. Meli ML, Cattori V, Martà ­nez F, Là ³pez G, Vargas A, et al. (2009) Feline Leukemia Virus and Other Pathogens as Important Threats to the Survival of the Critically Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus).

Kathe Kollwitz Mothers :: Essays Papers

Kathe Kollwitz Mothers In 1914 a war was going on in Germany. At the same time, Kathe Kollwitz was capturing images of poverty, unemployment, homelessness and things that ailed Germany. Following WW1 Kollwitz’ son, Peter Kollwitz, joined the German army to later be killed in battle. This inspired Kollwitz to begin a series of works illustrating the effects that war had on women, one of which is â€Å"The Mothers†. In this work, and many, Kollwitz uses lithography to produce very dark yet sharp images. The use of color itself gives the audience a doleful view of her works. When first looking at this work, a deep sadness and sorrow is perceived. The expressions on the mothers’ faces give it away almost immediately. Viewing this piece from left to right, the first mother seems as if she has lost a loved one or is reminded of one. The way that she hides her face in her hands not wanting anyone to see her pain, shows the audience how devastating it is to lose a loved one. The other two mothers seem more collect about their thoughts but at the same time thankful. They seem thankful by clutching tightly to their young, firmly holding their infants and keeping the children close by their side as if the kids are the only loved ones that the mothers’ have left. When glanced at, this work attracts the eye because of its photographic characteristics. Dark black lines are used to outline each figure with its own characteristics. Dark colors are abundantly used in this work to represent a gloomy image of sorrow, although in this work, they are used to show the feelings and thoughts of the suffering mothers to be unfortunate. I’m sure that the mothers’ in this piece were not alone and Kollwitz realized this.

The Problem of Loneliness :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Problem of Loneliness In theology class, loneliness was defined as the experience of being disconnected, unrelated, or cut off from the Other. The Other is something that fulfills a dimension of the human person, that pushes one to enter into relationships, be it with God or another human. In core humanities we examined St. Augustine’s spiritual autobiography, The Confessions of St. Augustine, and credited him with defining the concept. However, many other writers since Augustine’s time have also worked with this notion of loneliness. Dante while writing his famous cantos about the afterlife and, more recently, Sr. Helen Prejean in her novel Dead Man Walking both eloquently elaborated on the idea that it is necessary for humans to enter into relationships. Humanity’s need for the Other becomes more and more apparent in Dante’s Inferno as Dante descends deeper into Hell. In the upper circles of Hell, Dante describes punishments that fit the various sins the sinners committed while they were alive. The sinners are punished with an overindulgence of their sin. For instance, the circle of the angry is filled with angry people who yell at each other for eternity just as the circle of the wrathful is filled with wrathful people who will, similarly, hit each other for eternity. While being placed in these circles is not desirable, it should be noted that the sinners do have contact with one another and, in a demented way, are happy because they are getting to do what they most wanted to do on Earth. When Dante crosses the wall of Dis, he begins to describe more severe punishments; what was described in class as "Little Mermaid Hell" disappears. Pain is now inflicted from a source outside the sinners. Actual physical pain becomes an issue. For instance, one group of sinners is described as being torn limb from limb by devils and then thrown back into a river of boiling blood. At this point the reader should notice that the sinners are no longer able to interact with each other. Dante illustrates this lack of contact even more clearly when he reaches the deepest regions of Hell. There, Dante describes how the sinners are kept completely isolated from one another in blocks of ice. Virgil, Dante’s guide, informs Dante that the worst sinners are punished in this fashion because their sins completely cut them off from the rest of humanity. And, just as in the rest of Dante’s Hell, these sinners are placed in Hell according to what their actions were on Earth.

Electricity and Economy in Kenya Essay

ICT has been the main driver of Kenya’s economic growth over the last decade, growing on average by 20 % annually, and propelling the combined transport and communications sector into the economy’s second largest after agriculture. In chapter three I have discussed the impact of electricity on key economic sectors in Kenya which are agriculture, educational services, banking and communication services, microenterprises and tourism all of which are key pillars of Kenya Vision 2030. It costs approximately Ksh. 5,000 to connect to the grid and about 15 US cents equivalent per kWh of electricity service. This high cost is a major obstacle to the expansion of electricity connection to low-income households. Chapter 1: Introduction 1. 1 Overview and statement of the problem Broad agreement exists that the level and the intensity of energy use in a country is a key indicator of economic growth and development. A number of researchers claim that for modern energy to make a diff erence on poverty, it must necessarily contribute to productive uses that generate income and create jobs. Kenya’s Vision 2030 identified energy as one of the infrastructure enablers of its pillars and it is expected that more energy will be required to realize the objectives of the Vision. The economic pillar of Vision 2030 aims at providing prosperity for all Kenyans through an economic development programme aimed at achieving an average GDP growth rate of 10% per annum over the next 25 years. Electricity remains the most sought after energy source by the Kenyan society and access to it is normally associated with rising or high quality of life. Its current consumption is at 143 kilowatt hours (kWh) per capita and national connectivity rate of about 28. 9% which is below the average of 32% for developing countries. Electrification plays an important role in the start-up and growth of microenterprises which may lead to sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction. Energy can be directly linked to improved food security because energy can be used in any part of the food supply chain, from growing, processing, storage and cooking, through to marketing and distribution.

Subjection of Women towards Men

The eighteenth century novels, Fanny Hill a Woman of Pleasure by John Cleveland, The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, and Mary the Wrongs of a Woman by Wollstonecraft are episodes of women being subject to men. Though women were treated as a subject, history has shown that in every great man – beside him is a woman. In the work written by Cleveland during the time he was imprisoned was critiqued that the book can be questioned by its substance since it is written by a man.However, it is a story wherein the main character admitted that her sexual faculty is both her â€Å"point of pleasure and pride (Cleveland, 1749). â€Å" Though the girl in the story finds herself unworthy for the man she loves she also questioned the worthiness of Mr. H especially when she witnessed how her maid was raped and how he bribed the girl with his money. Being a prostitute she was able to compare who is more rotten, if it was the one who sells sex or the one who buys it.Despite of the appare nt loss of virtue in chastity of the main character in the story, in her heart she would want to do the sex act with the person she loves despite of her complex understanding between love and desire. The story reveals about how innocence and struggle for survival can lead a young woman astray and be treated not more than a merchandize. The story also gave a lot of examples on how a woman’s submission are often abused and how her femininity are being obscured by wanton people, treating women as if they were not borne of a woman.The Gothic story of Otranto depicts how a statute in authority is clouded by ardent desire for women. The story gave a contrast between the desire for Isabella and the love for Matilda. Though the story treated those dainty ladies with outward refinement, it vividly portrays the subjectivism on the female gender towards chauvinism of some authoritarian men. The story classified that male children are more important than the girls and they are just reare d to become mothers of the next lineage.Women’s role was obscurely assigned to child bearing alone and the caring for their husbands. Beyond their dignified looks they are treated only as possession subjected to men. Manfred’s because of his power forget the fact that his dignity lies on how he takes care of his body or on how well he treated his wife. This 18th century novel though fictitiously written is able to accomplish how the arrogance of men in high stature can actually put man in digression if the women’s role is given a limited view as only a helper than a partner.Horace Walpole the 4th Earl of Orford significantly opened his reader’s awareness on the equal dignity of men and women and how the female gender in his time was subjected by its male counterpart. In Mary the Wrongs of a Woman is a book authored by a pregnant woman in an asylum a place in which in those days where marginalized women were kept by their society. The novel was considered by feminist as a biographical sketch rather than an unfinished fiction story. It was published by the author’s husband and regarded as a work to vindicate the rights of women.The Author stated the following â€Å"Addressing these memoirs to you, my child, uncertain whether I shall ever have the opportunity of instructing you, many observations will probably flow from my heart, which only a mother- a mother schooled in misery, could make (Matthews, 2001)† will deeply move a reader to sympathize with the author in her profound words who is very much in pain upon realizing that she may never have the chance to care for her child. The story about Maria tells about the experiences of a woman when they are wronged by their husbands.These women too are denied with their dignity on motherhood, a sad fact which since in the beginning was the reason why broken homes became in fashion. This means that citizens who are not raised by a motherly care and attention are possibly to be come persons who are withdrawn and lack compassion. This eventually leads to a society that is less humane and uncaring. Because of the subjectivism of women towards men, her self giving was abused in many ways and her assertiveness misconstrued as rebelliousness and feminism.Women are required to give her complete self because that is the dignity of her calling but that self giving is often not granted the love that is due to a woman. Rather, she is abused and is treated like a personal property and not as an equal partner. The British novels described the female gender both as strong women and weak women of which society of today still seeks her true meaning of femininity as a gift to the world. The fact that she is given her femininity her woman’s dignity is found in the order of love meaning she is the one to receive love in order give to love in return.Woman’s dignity is measured by her giving love to others but it can only be witnessed if she also receives it, fo r who can give something which she or he does not have? Men and children who are not capable knowing what genuine love is are those who lack the experience of being touched by the warmth of a mother’s love and if there is a cold woman out there it could be a reason that she was not given the love she deserved. Weak women are borne by societies who have disregarded their dignity and reduced their personhood as second citizens of this world.However, women are born strong because through motherhood a human being is entrusted to her care always and everywhere even in situations of social discrimination where she may find herself. She is also referred in (Proverbs 31:10) the perfect woman because her irreplaceable support for other people are owned much by their families and by the whole nations. . The three novels are characterized by different women during the 18th century, Fanny Hill a rural girl, Matilda and Isabella who belongs to noble blood, and Maria who is a woman of inte llect.They have all the qualities to be called perfect women but also have their weaknesses or soft spots which are an essence of their own femininity. Work Cited Cleveland, J. (1749). A Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. Retrieved 14 April 2008, from http://books. google. com/books? id=cj5Za3JXXxkC Matthews, S. L. (2001). Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley: Writing. Retrieved 14 April 2008, from http://books. google. com/books? id=zeiXNBvquncC&dq=Mary+the+wrongs+of+a+woman&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0

Industrial Design History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial Design History - Essay Example The chair was made of walnut and leather. In addition, it was stamped and got gilt decoration. The chair was given to Philadelphia Museum of Art as a gift from the Preservation society stationed in Newport County. The chair was part of dining room furniture that was commissioned by George Peabody Wetmore for his home in New Port Rhode Island. The Armchair was designed in 1898 by Gustav Serrurier-Bovy. Gustav Serrurier-Bovy was a Belgian born in 1858. He died in 1910, but created a lot of works during his short life. In 1898, he managed to make an Armchair that was a depiction of the art Nouveau style that existed at that time. Art Nouveau style thrived between 1895 and 1920. The chair also owes much more to the Vernacular style that existed in England around the late nineteenth century. Art Nouveau style had a number of elements. Art Nouveau was characterized by a lot of graceful, sinuous lines. These lines were flowing and rarely angular. Furthermore, the art Nouveau style was also characterized by a lot of violent curves. The rhythmic patterns of the curvey lines were characteristic of the given art style. The curvey lines connected the images in the art to beautiful items, like hardware and furniture. In addition, some elements, like organic subject matter, were included in the style. One would find plenty of vines, flowers, grass, seaweed, insects, leaves, and images of jewelry, architecture, windows and architecture. One can identify Art Nouveau style art and architecture by looking for some elements.

Comapre And Contrast The Inner Coffin Of Tutankhamuns Sarcophagus With Essay

Comapre And Contrast The Inner Coffin Of Tutankhamuns Sarcophagus With Nike (Victory) Of Samothrace - Essay Example Furthermore, it talks about the techniques and speaking styles that existed and the differences between the styles and techniques. Then it concludes with brief summary of the two main topics. Introduction Tutankhamun’s inner coffin sarcophagus The Tutankhamun tomb always contained four gilded shrines that are nested inside each other to decrease their sizes. A quartzite red Sarcophagus was inside the shrine that protected the three anthropoid coffins shaped by a man. Gilded wood was used to make the first two coffins but the final one was made of solid gold. This solid gold coffin was used to house King Tut mummy and the fabulous golden death mask. On the other hand, sarcophagus is defined as the stone container that is used to house a coffin to the Egyptian mummy. Generally, the word sarcophagus was the name of the stone coffins which were not sunk underground2. It is also known as ‘possessor of life’ that related to their belief of afterlife and deceased were ev entually going to be reborn. Sarcophagus was mainly used as an external layer that protected the royal mummy of Tutankhamun body. It contained three netted layers of coffins which were anthropoid or man-shaped. Tutankhamun Sarcophagus was made of red quartzite; it is rectangular in shape measuring about nine feet high five feet wide and nine feet long. It is protected by a series of three gold Anthropoid coffins nested within each other. The Pharaoh Tutankhamun mummy was covered with a death mask. Each and every section of the king Tut web addresses all topics providing interesting information and facts about the Golden age pharaohs in Egypt. Nike victory of Samothrace In Greek mythology, Nike was the goddess of victory. Homers don’t personify Nike. It was discovered in 1863. It was created to both honors Nike the goddess and the sea battle. It usually conveys a sense of triumph and action. Moreover, it portrays artful drapery that flows through the futures which were conside red ideal to the Greeks. The Samothrace winged victory was also called the Nike of Samothrace, a third century marble sculptor, presumably originated from Rhodian. Despite its incompleteness and significant damage, victory was considered a great surviving sculpture masterpiece from Hellenistic period. This statue shows mastery form of movement that impresses artists and critics since its discovery3. According to the Greeks, their victory goddess (Nike) was a very beautiful lady endowed with wings. The exceptional monument rose upon Samothrace isle that was set in a niche which overlooked the great god’s sanctuary and celebrate sea success. Here, the goddess stands on prow of galley; it resisted the gusty storm while putting her right arm high. This was an ex-voto of the victory by Rhodians which was won at the 2nd century start. Compare and contrast Tutankhamun’s inner coffin sarcophagus against the Nike victory of Samothrace. Tutankhamun coffin consist of gilded shrin es nested one inside the other hence the innermost is covered with a stone sarcophagus while the Nike of Samothrace stood originally on the marble bow of a sculpted worship, a monument that commemorated a victory of naval. Inside the Tutankhamun, there are three coffins, the innermost being made of 110 kg of solid gold where Pharaoh body is being laid wearing the famous gold mask. However, Nike of Samothrace is designed in manner that seems as if she is landing a fierce headwind with her great wings still

International relations major Personal Statement - 1

International relations major - Personal Statement Example n of a conservative nation of the Middle East, I consider myself at an appropriate position to study international relations as my major subject as it will not only help me in understanding the value of good relations between neighboring countries but also will improve and enhance my knowledge of different cultures worldwide. Saudi Arabia ranks among the fastest developing countries of the present world, which experience high rates of migration to different parts of the world. In addition, the country’s relationship with other nations is at its peak due to various factors such as the war on terror, oil trade, politics, and sports. The perceived link between Islam and terrorism and the economic and social status of women living in Saudi Arabian republic are two main reasons for me to study International Relations as this program focuses on the study of different cultures and societies, the thoughts of political and general public belonging to different countries, the influence of public perception, and governments’ national and international policies. I firmly accept that an influential and so far-reaching subject warrants a critical understanding and analysis at higher levels. Earning a degree from one of the top ranked universities of the world would give me a competitive edge in my professional career. I have decided to apply in name of university because this educational institute has an experienced faculty not only in the department of International Relations studies but also in all other fields of study. Studying under the guidance of expert teachers will allow me to gain invaluable information about my intended major and grow intellectually in an appropriate manner. I am capable of working under severe conditions because of the experience gained from working for different organizations. As far as my short-term and long-term goals are concerned, I have planned them according to my personal and professional interests. For example, my short-term goal is

Technology and economic growth in the pre-civil war period Essay

Technology and economic growth in the pre-civil war period - Essay Example New irrigation techniques also provided more arable land. An additional technological change that had a big impact was the rise of railroads (Boyer, et al, 240). Rail coverage expanded nearly ten times over a twenty year period. Americans of all classes were able to travel freely and comfortably. Perhaps more than anything this helped to open up the West during this period. Culture was rapidly increasing during this period too, as American writers looked inward to their soul and outward to their growing country. Writers like Dickinson, Thoreau and Emerson published works that began the process of defining what it meant to be American. A definition that would be sorely tested during the Civil War. The twenty year period before the American Civil War was a period of great development and change. Agriculture improved and railways became more prominent. American artists and writers won new respect. It is deeply unfortunate much of this growth was lost in the slaughter of the Civil

Managing Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Diversity - Essay Example has emerged within the past 20 years and spawned from the equal opportunity act which was promulgated in the workforce by the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This law extended voting rights and outlawed racial segregation in the schools, housing or hiring practices. With the passage of this act, American organizations began to hire new employees from different races, ethnic backgrounds and religions into sectors they were once excluded from. There is an undeniable difference between diversity and equal opportunity. Equal opportunity employment has deep historical roots. The law was enacted after years of unfair practices in different sectors denied equal opportunities simply based upon a person’s race, gender or national origin. The passing of this law developed a definition for minorities and now prohibits discrimination based upon a person’s age, gender, religion, sex, race, color or national origin. Diversity promotes accepting individual differences. The business ideals of diversity states that inclusion of a diverse workforce better equip a company to thrive in a marketplace. Exclusion of a diverse approach isolates demographics and limits perspectives. An example of such an implementation of diversity is the inspirational movie Glory Road. The 1966 college basketball team base on the Texas Westerns won the NCAA championship while promoting diversity. Don Haskins, the first year coach of the team, pioneered diversity by recruiting players deemed best for the positions and sidestepping traditional hiring practices. The hiring of the new folks in nontraditional roles is an exemplary example of the advantages of diversity. The team put racial differences aside and worked collectively to attain the coveted championship prize. Peter F. Drucker, author of â€Å"The Theory of the Business† (1995: 100) reveals that a valid theory of business suggests that the assumptions about environment, mission and core competencies must fit reality.. Over